Decorative and functional light-emitting device lighting fixtures

ABSTRACT

Lighting fixtures using light-emitting devices are disclosed with heat sinks that are both decorative and functional by providing heat dissipation for the light-emitting devices used therein. A luminaire can feature a base for attachment to a support and a driver positionable in the base. An electrical connector can extend downward from the base and have a proximal end and a distal end with the proximal end disposed in the base and engaging the driver. A heat sink can be disposed at the distal end of the electrical connector with the electrical connector extending through the heat sink. A light-emitting device can be attached to the heat sink and connect with the electrical connector such that the driver is electrically connected to the light-emitting device. A lamp shade can be secured to the heat sink proximal to the base with the light-emitting device disposed within the lamp shade and at least a portion of the body of the heat sink forming a decorative portion extending outward from the lamp shade.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present subject matter relates generally to lighting fixtures using light-emitting devices. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to lighting fixtures such as luminaires with heat sinks that are both decorative and functional by providing heat dissipation for light-emitting devices used therein.

BACKGROUND

Solid-state lighting is becoming increasingly important in the lighting industry. Solid-state lighting refers to a type of lighting that uses light-emitting devices with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) such as, for example, semiconductor light-emitting diodes, organic light-emitting diodes, or polymer light-emitting diodes as sources of illumination rather than electrical filaments, plasma (used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps), or gas.

Various implementations of light-emitting diode lighting fixtures are becoming available in the marketplace to fill a wide range of applications. Lighting applications in which light-emitting diodes can be used can comprise domestic lighting, billboard and display lighting, automotive and bicycle lighting, emergency lighting, traffic and railway lighting, and floodlight and flashlight use. Light-emitting diodes are smaller than incandescent bulbs and use less energy. In addition, light-emitting diodes have a longer life than standard incandescent light bulbs. Accordingly, the use of light-emitting diodes in lighting applications can provide significant energy savings, increased lamp life, smaller lamp size, and flexibility in the design. For these reasons, lighting manufacturers are increasingly interested in unique lighting fixtures incorporating light-emitting diodes that may also have appeal to their intended customers.

One such lighting fixture type is the pendant lamp although the disclosure herein can pertain to any suitable lighting fixtures, including for example pendant lamps or a non-pendant lamp type lighting fixture. Pendant lamps are popular hanging luminaires that have traditionally been the province of A-form incandescent bulbs and more recently self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Pendant lamps are not particularly efficient lighting fixtures. Large fractions of flux from the illumination source are absorbed by the pendant lamp shade. The fixtures, however, offer a pleasing “glow” and “look” and so enjoy considerable popularity.

While providing many benefits, using light-emitting devices with light-emitting diodes in pendant lamps or other similar lighting fixtures creates a large amount of heat. Due to the size and structure of the pendant lamps, using traditional heat sinks large enough to maintain a desired heat is undesirable.

SUMMARY

In accordance with this disclosure, decorative and functional light-emitting device lighting fixtures are provided such as luminaires that can be pendant lamps. It is, therefore, an object of the present disclosure to provide light-emitting device lighting fixtures with both decorative and functional features. It is also an object of the present disclosure to provide luminaires with heat sinks that are both decorative and functional.

These and other objects of the present disclosure as can become apparent from the present disclosure are achieved, at least in whole or in part, by the subject matter described herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A full and enabling disclosure of the present subject matter including the best mode thereof to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a luminaire with a heat sink according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 2 illustrates a partially cross-sectioned side view of an embodiment of a luminaire with a heat sink according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 3A illustrates a top view of an embodiment of a light-emitting diode package that can be included in lamp assemblies according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 3B illustrates a perspective view of the light-emitting diode package shown in FIG. 3A;

FIG. 4A illustrates a bottom plan view of an embodiment of a luminaire with a heat sink according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 4B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 4A taken along line 4B-4B of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C illustrates an exploded view of the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A illustrates a bottom plan view of another embodiment of a luminaire with a heat sink according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 5A taken along line 5B-5B of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 5C illustrates an exploded view of the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6A illustrates a bottom plan view of a further embodiment of a luminaire with a heat sink according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 6A taken along line 6B-6B of FIG. 6A;

FIG. 6C illustrates an exploded view of the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7 is a side view of a luminaire illustrating different shades and the primary area of light from the respective shades according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 8A illustrates a side view of a portion of another embodiment of a luminaire and heat sink with thermal stackers according to the present subject matter;

FIG. 8B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 8A;

FIG. 9A illustrates a partially exploded perspective view of a portion of a further embodiment of a luminaire with heat sink with a diffuser according to the present subject matter; and

FIG. 9B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the diffuser that can be used with the luminaire with heat sink shown in FIG. 9A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to possible embodiments of the present subject matter, one or more examples of which are shown in the figures. Each example is provided to explain the subject matter and not as a limitation. In fact, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used in another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. It is intended that the subject matter disclosed and envisioned herein covers such modifications and variations.

As illustrated in the various figures, some sizes of structures or portions are exaggerated relative to other structures or portions for illustrative purposes and, thus, are provided to illustrate the general structures of the present invention. Furthermore, various aspects of the present subject matter are described with reference to a structure or a portion being formed on other structures, portions, or both. As will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, references to a structure being formed “on” or “above” another structure or portion contemplates that additional structure, portion, or both may intervene. References to a structure or a portion being formed “on” another structure or portion without an intervening structure or portion are described herein as being formed “directly on” the structure or portion.

Furthermore, relative terms such as “on”, “above”, “top”, or “bottom” are used herein to describe one structure's or portion's relationship to another structure or portion as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that relative terms such as “on”, “above”, “top”, or “bottom” are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, structure or portion described as “above” other structures or portions would now be oriented “below” the other structures or portions. Likewise, if devices in the figures are rotated along an axis, structure or portion described as “above”, other structures or portions would now be oriented “next to” or “left of” the other structures or portions. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

FIG. 1 illustrates a luminaire in the form of a pendant lamp fixture, generally designated 10. Pendant lamp fixture 10 is generally a hanging luminaire that can be installed to hang from a support such as a ceiling of a room although any suitable light fixture could be utilized in accordance with the subject matter described herein. For example, the fixture could be on, part of or include a stand or arm or any other suitable support structure. Pendant lamp 10 can comprise a base 12 for attachment to the support or ceiling. A pendant lamp can have a single lighting fixture or multiple lighting fixtures. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, pendant lamp fixture 10 comprises two lighting fixtures generally designated 14A and 14B. Each light fixture 14A, 14B can comprise one or more electrical connectors 16 such as electrically conductive wiring that can extend downward from base 12. The electrical connectors 16 for lighting fixtures 14A and 14B can each comprise a proximal end 16A and a distal end 16B and provide an electrical path as shown and described herein. The proximal end 16A of each lighting fixture 14A and 14B can be disposed in base 12 and can be electrically connected with a driver, or drive circuitry (shown in FIG. 2) that can be concealed in base 12. The driver can be an off-the-shelf product, for example, a non-dimmable or dimmable power supply.

Each lighting fixture 14A and 14B of pendant lamp fixture 10 can comprise a heat sink 20 that can comprise a body 20A that can have a base 20B. Heat sinks 20 of lighting fixtures 14A and 14B of pendant lamp fixture 10 can be disposed at the distal end 16B of the electrical connectors 16 with the electrical connectors 16 extending through heat sink 20 such that the electrical path extends through heat sink 20. Each heat sink 20 can comprise a light-emitting device (not shown in FIG. 1) that is attached thereto. By having the distal end 16B of the electrical connectors 16 at a distance from the driver, the heat removal and dissipation by the heat sink from the light-emitting device does not generally affect the driver. The light-emitting device can engage the electrical connectors 16 such that the driver is electrically connected to the light-emitting device through the electrical path. Strain relief compression fittings 29, or other equivalent fittings, can be used where the electrical connectors 16 enter heat sinks 20. Similar compression fittings can be used at the juncture of where the electrical connectors 16 enter the base 12.

Heat sinks 20 can be made from thermally conductive material, for example, metals, such as aluminum, copper, silver, or the like. Similarly, heat sinks 20 can be made from thermally conductive polycarbonate material. Heat sinks 20 can be molded or machined out of such material.

Each lighting fixture 14A and 14B of pendant lamp fixture 10 can further comprise a lamp shade. For example, the lighting fixture 14A can comprise a lamp shade 22A and the lighting fixture 14B can comprise a lamp shade 22B. Each lamp shade 22A, 22B is securable to the respective heat sink 20 proximal to the base 20B such as for example by a lamp shade mount on heat sink 20 as described and shown herein with the light-emitting device disposed within the lamp shades.

The lamp shades 22A, 22B illustrate different shapes and can be different colors to create different lighting patterns. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, lamp shade 22A illustrates a diverging conical-shaped shade and lamp shade 22B creates a bulb-shaped shade. As will be explained in more detail below, different shapes of shades will create different areas of direct illumination. The illumination of each luminaire can also be affected by the color and materials used in the shade. In luminaires that have more than one lighting fixture, the lamp shades usually will be made of the same material and have the same shape and color.

As shown in FIG. 1, the bodies 20A of heat sinks 20 extend above the lamp shades 22A, 22B upon attachment of heat sinks 20 to lamp shades 22A, 22B such that at least a portion of the bodies 20A forms a decorative top portion extending outward from lamp shades 22A, 22B. Bodies 20A of heat sinks 20 can have different decorative shapes. For example, bodies 20A of heat sinks 20 can have any suitable structures such as fins 20C that are spaced apart from each other. Fins 20C can be, for example, circular fins that can be at least partially concentrically and coaxially disposed as part of heat sink 20. Fins 20C can generally extend transverse to a core of each body 20A. Fins 20C also can serve a functional purpose of increasing the surface area of each body 20A to increase heat dissipation. Additionally, each heat sink 20 can provide strain relief for the connections between the electrical connectors 16 and the light-emitting device and on the light-emitting device itself. Heat sinks 20 also provide shade and general lamp support.

As shown in FIG. 2, a luminaire in the form of a pendant lamp, generally designated 10′ is provided. Pendant lamp 10′ can be installed on any suitable support structure and orientation can be other than that shown even. For illustration purposes, the support structure is shown herein as ceiling C of a room. Pendant lamp 10′ can comprise base 12 for attachment to ceiling C and base 12 can have one or more drivers 24 that can be positioned therein. Pendant lamp 10′ as shown in FIG. 2 has a single lighting fixture generally designated 15 that can comprise electrical connector 16 such as electrically conductive wiring that extends downward from base 12. Electrical connector 16 for lighting fixture 15 can comprise a proximal end 16A and a distal end 16B. Proximal end 16A of lighting fixture 15 can be disposed in base 10 and electrically connected with driver 24 that is contained and concealed in base 10. Strain relief compression fittings 29A can be used where electrical connector 16 enters base 12 and strain relief compression fittings 29A can also be used where the electrical connector 16 enters heat sink 20. A hanger conduit 28 (shown in phantom) can optionally be disposed over and around electrical connector 16 and can engage and be secured against base 12 and heat sink 20. For example, hanger conduit 28 can be screwed into base 12 and heat sink 20. Electrical connector 16 can extend through hanger conduit 28 with reduced strain, thereby better protecting electrical connector 16 and the light-emitting device electrically associated therewith.

Heat sink 20 of lighting fixture 15 of pendant lamp 10′ can comprise a body 20A with a base 20B. Heat sink 20 can be disposed at the distal end 16B of electrical connector 16 with electrical connector 16 extending through heat sink 20 as described further below. A light-emitting device (shown subsequently) can be attached to a surface of heat sink 20. The light-emitting device can engage electrical connector 16 such that the driver 24 is electrically connected to the light-emitting device in a less strained way due to the interactions and configurations of electrical connector 16, heat sink 20, and the light-emitting device. Lighting fixture 15 of pendant lamp 10′ can further comprise a lamp shade 26. The lamp shade 26 is securable to heat sink 20 proximal to base 20B with the light-emitting device disposed within lamp shade 26.

A hanger conduit 28 is shown in phantom dotted lines in FIG. 2. Hanger conduit 28 can be used to relieve stress on electrical connector 16 and the light-emitting device. Hanger conduit 28 can be secured to base 12 and heat sink 20. For example, hanger conduit 28 can have threaded ends that can be screwed into the appropriate threaded apertures in base 12 and heat sink 20 so that tension in electrical connector 16 is at least partially removed. Electrical connector 16 can extend through hanger conduit 28 with reduced strain due to the expected slack in electrical connector 16, thereby better protecting electrical connector 16 and the light-emitting device.

Different light-emitting device packages and lamp assemblies can be used with the luminaires disclosed herein. For example, various patents and patent applications assigned to the assignee of the present application disclose light-emitting device packages that can used in such luminaires. See, for example: U.S. Pat. No. 7,549,786; U.S. application Ser. No. 12/335,631 filed Dec. 16, 2008; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/574,918 filed Oct. 7, 2009; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/579,946 filed on Oct. 15, 2009, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate examples of light-emitting device packaging arrangements having top mounted electrical contacts that can be used in luminaires disclosed herein.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a light-emitting diode package 30 that can be used in the lamp assemblies disclosed herein. Although one light-emitting diode package 30 is illustrated, more than one light-emitting diode package 30 can also be used such as in an array. Light-emitting diode package 30 can comprise a substrate 32 having a top surface 34 and bottom surface 36. Substrate 32 can be a material such as, for example, silicon, copper, silver, FR4, aluminum, thermally conductive polycarbonate, or other suitable material. Substrate 32 may be formed of many different materials, including electrically insulating materials. Suitable substrate materials also can comprise, but are not limited to, ceramic materials such as aluminum nitride (AlN) and alumina (Al₂O₃). Dimensions of substrate 32 can vary widely depending on the applications and processes used to manufacture light-emitting diode package 30 and the lamp assembly in which it is used.

Light-emitting diode package 30 can comprise electrical contacts 40. In one aspect, electrical contacts 40 can be disposed only on the top surface 34 of the substrate 32. For example, electrical contacts 40 can be electrically connected to one or more light-emitting diode structures such as chips 42 (see FIG. 3A) or any other suitable structure known now or later in any suitable manner known by one of skill in the art. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, six electrical contacts 40 are shown. The number of electrical contacts 40 can vary and can be dependent upon the number of light-emitting diode chips 42 used in the light-emitting diode package 30. The number of light-emitting diode chips 42 can, for example, vary between about 1 to about 25 or more for a given package size. More light-emitting diode chips such as chips 42 can be included in larger package sizes. Light-emitting diode chips 42 can be connected in series. For example, alternating lines of red light producing light-emitting diode chips 42 and white light producing light-emitting diode chips 42 can be used in the light-emitting diode package 30. Thus, the manner in which light-emitting diode chips 42 are connected can also affect the number of electrical contacts 40 in light-emitting diode package 30.

By having electrical contacts 40 only on top surface 34 of substrate 32 as shown in one aspect, light-emitting diode package 30 can be formed on a larger wafer of the substrate material with the wafer being cut into individual light-emitting diode packages 30 with substrate 32 having sides 48. While substrate 32 is shown to have a rectangular plan view shape, substrate 32 can vary in size and shape. Top surface 34 can also comprise markers 49 that can aid a user in determining the orientation of light-emitting diode package 30 when being installed.

Light-emitting diode chips 42 can be covered by a lens 44 that can be formed of different material. For example, encapsulation material can be used to encapsulate light-emitting diode chips 42 and their associated bonding wires and mounting pads in a compression mounting process to form lens 44. Other lens material can be used. In the embodiment shown, lens 44 can be formed into a domed shape. The dome shape of lens 44 can be generally a hemispherical shape with base 46 of lens 44 having the greatest diameter. Other lens shapes that have a base can be used.

Light-emitting diode package 30 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B or similar light-emitting diode packages with electrical contacts on the top surface of the substrate can be used in the luminaires and placed on the heat sinks shown in FIGS. 4A-9A.

FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate a portion of a luminaire in the form of a pendant lamp generally designated 50. Pendant lamp 50 can comprise a heat sink 52 with a body 54. Body 54 can comprise a base 56 against which a lamp shade 70 can reside. Lamp shade 70 can have walls 72 that extend downward from a top portion 74 positioned against a bottom surface 56A of the base 56. Walls 72 can be any shape and configured to be aesthetically pleasing. In the embodiment shown, walls 72 diverge outward from the top portion 74 of lamp shade 70.

Heat sink 52 can have a decorative shape that can extend above lamp shade 70. In the embodiment shown and for illustration only, the decorative design has three circular fins 58 that are spaced apart and extend out from a central core 59. Core 59 can extend upward from base 56 of body 54 of heat sink 52. More or less fins 58 can be used, and fins 58 can be symmetrical or asymmetrical in relation to the core. Fins 58 can also extend in various and/or different angles from the core. In one example, fins 58 can extend transversely to the core. As described above, the shape of fins 58 serves a functional purpose of increasing the surface area of body 54 of heat sink 52 to increase heat dissipation. The distance of spacing between fins 58 can also facilitate heat dissipation. The design of body 54 of heat sink 52 also provides an aesthetically pleasing shape that adds to appearance and style pendant lamp 50. In this manner, heat sink 52 serves a dual function. While circular fins are shown, the shape of body 54 that extends above lamp shade 70 can be any shape that is both aesthetically pleasing and provides adequate heat dissipation for a light-emitting device 80 attached to heat sink 52.

Light-emitting device 80 can be attached to heat sink 52 in different ways. For example, the light-emitting device 80 can be attached by epoxy or some other more permanent or semi-permanent adhesive or substance. Alternatively, light-emitting device 80 can be removably attached by devices such as clips that hold light-emitting device 80 in place on heat sink 52. Examples of such devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,549,786 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/579,946 filed on Oct. 15, 2009, both of which have been incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A-4C, heat sink 52 can comprises a head 60 extending from body 54 of heat sink 52. In the embodiment shown, head 60 is a smaller diameter or cross-sectional shape than base 56 at bottom surface 56A. Head 60 can have a diameter or cross-sectional area that allows head 60 to be inserted through an opening 76 formed in the top portion 74 of lamp shade 70 while top portion 74 can abut against bottom surface 56A of base 56. In this manner, head 60 can be inserted into an inner space 78 of lamp shade 70. The depth at which the head 60 extends into the inner space 78 of the lamp shade 70 can vary depending on the desired lighting effect in relation lamp shade 70. The depth at which head 60 extends into inner space 78 can be varied by the length of head 60 from the base to a distal end 62 of head 60. Spacing devices can be used between the base 56 and the lamp shade 70, examples of which are described further below. The placement position of the light-emitting device or devices on head 60 can also affect the desired depth at which head 60 extends into inner space 78.

In the embodiment shown, distal end 62 of head 60 positioned distally from base 56 forms a platform on which light-emitting device 80 can be attached. Light-emitting device 80 can be a light-emitting diode package as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B above. Such light-emitting devices 80 can comprise a substrate 82 and a lens 84. Such light-emitting devices 80 can generate a large amount of heat that the decorative heat sink 52 can efficiently remove and dissipate. The light output from such a light-emitting device 80 can be directed equally in all directions from a plane aligned with substrate 82 of light-emitting device 80. Different lenses 84 and/or secondary optics can be used to change the nature and direction of the light as desired. However, such different lenses or secondary optics are not necessary. The depth at which head 60 can extend into inner space 78 of lamp shade 70 can be important with such light-emitting devices 80 to ensure adequate illumination of lamp shade 70 and to control heating of lamp shade 70. Head 60 can comprise side walls 64 that extend downward from base 56. The side walls 64 of head 60 can form any cross-sectional shape that permits them to be inserted in the opening 76 of the top portion 74 of lamp shade 70. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4A-4C, head 60 can for a circular cross-sectional shape. Side walls 64 can have threads formed therein.

A retainer ring 90 can be provided that engages head 60 of heat sink 52 to secure lamp shade 70 to heat sink 52. The retainer ring 90 can be made from various material including thermally conductive and/or non-conductive materials. In the embodiment shown, the retainer ring 90 can comprise inner walls 92 that are threaded to permit the retainer ring 90 to be screwed onto the head 60 to abut against the top portion 74 of the lamp shade 70 so that the top portion 74 is sandwiched between the base 56 and the retainer ring 90. The retainer ring 90 and head 60 can be designed in different ways to engage one another. For example, the side walls of the head and retainer ring can be configured to be press fit to retain the lamp shade to the heat sink. The retainer ring can be elastic to create a tight fit. The head and retainer ring can have additional designs, shapes and configurations that permit securement of the lamp shade.

As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, thermal washers or stackers 96 that act as spacers can be provided for use in embodiments of a luminaire 50 with a heat sink 52 that comprises a head 60 to adjust the position of the light-emitting device 80 within the inner space 78 of lamp shade 70. One or more thermal stackers such as stackers 96 that contribute to the decorative features of heat sink 52 and act as washers or spacers and also facilitate heat removal and dissipation can be placed around the head 60 between top portion 74 of lamp shade 70 and base 56 of body 54 of the heat sink. By using one or more thermal stackers 96 around head 60 of heat sink 52 between base 56 of body 54 of heat sink 52 and lamp shade 70, the position of the light-emitting device 80 can be adjusted relative to lamp shade 70. Stackers 96 can vary in shape and design. When utilized between base 56 of heat sink 52 and lamp shade 70, and in addition to providing structural and alignment support to pendant lamp 50, thermal stackers 96 can also provide both desirable decorative and thermal advantages as thermal stackers 96 can provide desired thermal conductivity to further remove heat from heat sink 52 and assist in overall heat dissipation for increased thermal performance.

Referring to FIGS. 4B and 8B, heat sink 52 can comprise an inner wall 52A with an aperture 52B for receiving one or more electrical connectors, such as electrically conductive wiring. Aperture 52B can extend from an end of heat sink 52 distal from base 56, for example, top end 53, through head 60 of heat sink 52. Inner wall 52A can form an outlet 68 of the aperture 52B in head 60 of heat sink 52. For example, aperture 52B can have a first section that extends along a central axis running through the core 59 of heat sink 52. Aperture 52B can have a second section that can extend from the first section through a side wall 64 of head 60 to form outlet 68. For example, outlet 68 can be formed in a tapered section 64A of side walls 64 proximal to a platform section 62A of end 62 of head 60. Outlet 68 can be oblong to facilitate passage of the electrical connector such as wiring through aperture 52B and out outlet 68. In this manner, heat sink 52 can provide strain relief for the electrical connectors and the light-emitting device and provides shade and lamp support.

Light-emitting device 80 can have the cathode and anode pads on the surface of the substrate opposite the lens in some embodiments. In such embodiments, the electrical connectors can be connected to the light-emitting device without exiting the heat sink 52. In such embodiments, the apertures and openings in body 54 and head 60 of heat sink 52 can be modified appropriately if needed.

FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate a portion of an embodiment of a luminaire in the form of a pendant lamp generally designated 100. Portions of pendant lamp 100 can be similar or identical to pendant lamp 50 shown in FIGS. 4A-4C. The same reference numerals used in the FIGS. 4A-5C indicate like parts. Pendant lamp 100 can comprise a heat sink 52 that comprises a body 54. Body 54 can comprise a base 56 against which a lamp shade 70 can reside. Lamp shade 70 can have walls 72 that extend downward from a top portion 74 positioned against a bottom surface 56A of base 56. As above, walls 72 of lamp shade 70 can be any aesthetically pleasing shape.

Heat sink 52 can have a decorative shape that can extend above lamp shade 70. In the embodiment shown, the decorative design can comprise fins 58 that can be spaced apart and extend out from central core 59. As described above, the shape of fins 58 serves a functional purpose of increasing the surface area of body 54 of heat sink 52 to increase heat dissipation. The distance of spacing between fins 58 can also facilitate heat dissipation. The design of body 54 of heat sink 52 also provides an aesthetically pleasing shape that adds to appearance and style of pendant lamp 50. In this manner, heat sink 52 serves multiple functions that also comprise shade and/or lamp support and strain relief. While circular fins are shown, the shape of body 54 that extends above lamp shade 70 can be any shape that is both aesthetically pleasing and provides adequate heat dissipation for a light-emitting device 80 attached to heat sink 52.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A-5C, heat sink 52 also comprises a head 60 extending from body 54 of heat sink 52. Head 60 can have a diameter or cross-sectional area that allows head 60 to be inserted through an opening 76 formed in top portion 74 of lamp shade 70 while top portion 74 can abut against bottom surface 56A of base 56 so that head 60 can be inserted into an inner space 78 of lamp shade 70. As with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A-4C, the depth at which head 60 extends into inner space 78 of lamp shade 70 can vary depending on the desired lighting effect in relation to lamp shade 70. The depth at which head 60 extends into inner space 78 can be varied in similar manners as described above.

In the embodiment shown, end 62 of head 60 distal from the base 56 forms a surface that can provide a thermal contact. Head 60 can comprise side walls 64 that extend downward from base 56. Side walls 64 of head 60 can form any cross-sectional shape that permit them to be inserted in the opening 76 of top portion 74 of lamp shade 70. For example, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C, head 60 can have a circular cross-sectional shape. As above, side walls 64 can have threads formed thereon. Pendant lamp 100 can also comprise a cap 110 on which light-emitting device 80 can be attached that is configured to engage head 60 of heat sink 52. Cap 110 can comprise a base section 112 that forms a platform on outer surface 112A on which the light-emitting device 80 can be attached. Cap 110 can also comprise walls 114 that extend upward from base section 112 away from outer surface 112A. As shown in FIG. 5B, the cross-sectional area of the space between walls 114 can be such that cap 110 can be press fit onto head 60. For example, the diameter of the cross-section of side walls 64 of head 60 can be substantially similar to the cross-sectional space between walls 114 of cap 110 to provide a secure frictional engagement when cap 110 is press fit onto side walls 64. Alternatively, walls 114 of the cap 110 and side walls 64 of head 60 can be matchingly threaded.

Upon securement of cap 110 to head 60, end 62 of head 60 can be in thermal contact with base section 112 of cap 110 along with walls 114 of cap 110 being in thermal contact with side walls 64 to conduct heat away from light-emitting device 80 on outer surface 112A of base section 112 of cap 110. As above, light-emitting device 80 can be a light-emitting diode package as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B above. However, any light-emitting device package can be used.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the electrical connector 120 (not shown in cross-section) can extend through heat sink 52. In particular, the heat sink 52 can comprise an inner wall 52A that can define an aperture 52B for receiving one or more electrical connectors 120, such as electrically conductive wiring. Aperture 52B can extend from an end of heat sink 52 distal from base 56, for example, top end 53, through head 60 of heat sink 52. Inner wall 52A can form an outlet 68 of aperture 52B in head 60 of heat sink 52. For example, aperture 52B can have a first section 52C that extends along a central axis running through core 59 of heat sink 52. Aperture 52B can have a second section 52D that can extend from first section 52C through a side wall 64 of head 60 to form outlet 68. For example, outlet 68 can be formed in a tapered section 64A of side walls 64 proximal to end 62 of head 60. Cap 110 can also comprise one or more openings 116 in walls 114 and/or base section 112. Openings 116 in cap 110 permit electrical connector 120 that resides in the heat sink to be selectively passed through cap 110 to permit electrical connector 120 to connect with light-emitting device 80 on outer surface 112A of the base section.

Electrical connector 120 can extend through heat sink 52 for connection to light-emitting device 80. The connection can be made in different manners including soldered or spliced connections of electrically conductive wiring to ribbons that are connected to light-emitting device 80 or solder connections of electrically conductive wiring directly to light-emitting device 80. In the embodiment shown, a quick connection can be provided on both light-emitting device 80 and on the end of electrical connector 120. For example, a plug 122 can be provided on the end of the electrical connector 120 that can matingly engage a plug 124 on electrical connector 126 secured to light-emitting device 80. Examples of different plugs are shown and described, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/719,287 filed on Mar. 8, 2010, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Aperture 52B and outlet 68 in head 60 can be large enough to allow passage of plug 122 therethrough. Similarly, openings 116 in cap 110 can be large enough for the passage of either plug 122 on electrical connector 120 or plug 124 of electrical connector 126 secured to light-emitting device 80. Cap 110 can thus create a detachable platform the can attached and removed from heat sink 52. Cap 110 and plugs 122, 124 allow for easy changeability of the light-emitting device from the luminaire.

Some light-emitting devices 80 can have the cathode and anode pads on the surface of the substrate opposite the lens in some embodiments. In such embodiments, the electrical connectors can be connected to the light-emitting device without exiting heat sink 52. In such embodiments, the apertures and openings in body 54 of heat sink 52 and cap 110 can be modified appropriately if needed.

FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate a portion of another embodiment of a luminaire in the form of a pendant lamp generally designated 130. As above, the same reference numerals used in the FIGS. 4A-6C indicate like parts. Pendant lamp 130 can comprise a heat sink 132 that comprises a body 134. Body 134 of heat sink 132 can be similar to the embodiments disclosed above, however, heat sink 132 does not comprise a head section as described above. Body 134 of heat sink 132 can comprise a base 136 against which a lamp shade 70 can reside. As above, lamp shade 70 can have walls 72 that extend downward from a top portion 74 positioned against a bottom surface 136A of base 136. As above, walls 72 can be of any aesthetically pleasing shape.

Heat sink 132 can have a decorative shape that can extend above lamp shade 70. As in the other embodiments, the decorative design can comprises fins 138 that can be spaced apart and extend out from a central core 139. The shape of fins 138 provides increased surface area of body 134 of heat sink 132 and sufficient spacing between fins 138 to facilitate heat dissipation from light-emitting device 80 attached to heat sink 132. The design of body 134 of heat sink 132 also provides an aesthetically pleasing shape. In this manner, heat sink 132 serves multiple functions that also comprise shade and/or lamp support and strain relief. The shape of body 134 that extends above lamp shade 70 can be any shape that is both aesthetically pleasing and provides adequate heat dissipation for a light-emitting device 80 attached to heat sink 132.

Heat sink 132 illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6C can comprise an inner wall 132A that extends from a top surface 133 of heat sink 132 through the bottom surface 136A of base 136 of heat sink 136. Inner wall 132A defines an aperture 132B that extends through heat sink 132. Inner wall 132A can reside in heat sink 132 so that aperture 132B is aligned with a central axis (not shown) that runs through heat sink 132 in a vertical direction. Aperture 132B can be centered around the central axis.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A-6C, heat sink 132 can further comprise a platform 150 that can have light-emitting device 80 attached thereto. Platform 150 can be detachable from heat sink 132. Platform 150 can comprise a planar substrate 152. Planar substrate 152 can form a first surface 152A on which light-emitting device 80 is secured. Planar substrate 152 can also form a second surface 152B on a side opposite first surface 152A. Platform 150 can comprise a guide rod 154 that extends from second surface 152B. Guide rod 154 of platform 150 can be configured for insertion into aperture 132B to engage inner wall 132A of heat sink 132 at base 136 of heat sink 132. Guide rod 154 can engage the inner wall 132A of heat sink 132 in different manners. For example, there can be a locking mechanism such as a latch or hook mechanism in either guide rod 154 or inner wall 132A. Alternatively, guide rod 154 and inner wall 132A can form a frictional engagement such as a press fit. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6C, inner wall 132A of heat sink 132 and guide rod 154 of the platform 150 are matchingly threaded, so that guide rod 154 and platform 150 can be screwed into inner wall 132A of heat sink 132. For example, guide rod 154 can have threads 158 on the exterior of guide rod 154.

Guide rod 154 of platform 150 can also comprise an inner wall 156 that defines an aperture 156A. Once guide rod 154 is inserted into inner wall 132A, aperture 156A in guide rod 154 can be aligned coaxially with aperture 132B formed by inner walls 132A in heat sink 132. In such an embodiment, platform 150 can also comprise a side 152C that forms an opening 152D therein. Opening 152D in side 152C can extend into aperture 156A in guide rod 154. In this manner, as will be explained below, the electrical connector can extend through platform 150.

Aperture 132B formed by inner wall 132A of heat sink 132 and aperture 156A formed by inner wall 156 of guide rod 154 of the platform that is in communication with opening 152D in side 152C of planar substrate 152 of the platform 150 together form a passage for receiving one or more electrical connector 140, such as electrically conductive wiring. Electrical connector 140 can extend through aperture 132B of heat sink 132 and aperture 156A and opening 152D in platform 150 for connection to light-emitting device 80. The connection can be made in different manners including a quick connection that uses plugs that can be provided on both light-emitting device 80 and on the end of electrical connector 140 or solder connection of wiring directly to light-emitting device 80. In the embodiment shown, ribbons 142 are provided that are electrically connected to the light-emitting device 80. Ribbons 142 are connected to the electrical connectors 140 that extend through heat sink 132 and platform 150 by soldering, splicing, or other common technique.

Some light-emitting devices 80 can have the cathode and anode pads on the surface of the substrate opposite the lens in some embodiments. In such embodiments, the electrical connectors can be connected to the light-emitting device without exiting the heat sink. In such embodiments, the apertures and openings in the body of heat sink and the platform may need to be modified appropriately.

Guide rod 154 of platform 150 can have a diameter or cross-sectional shape that allows guide rod 154 to be inserted through an opening 76 formed in top portion 74 of lamp shade 70. Planar substrate 152 of platform 150 can have a diameter or cross-sectional area that is wider than opening 76 in top portion 74 of lamp shade 70. In this manner, top portion 74 can abut against bottom surface 136A of base 136 and against second surface 152B of planar substrate 152 of platform 150 so that top portion 74 of lamp shade 70 is sandwiched between base 136 of body 134 and planar substrate 152 of platform 150. In this manner, lamp shade 70 can be held in place in pendant lamp 130.

In pendant lamp 130, heat sink 132 positions light-emitting device 80 at or near top portion 74 of the lamp shade due to the low profile of planar substrate 150 of platform 150. In such an embodiment, the light-emitting device can more fully illuminate lamp shade 70. Heat from light-emitting device 80 can pass through platform 150 into body 134 of heat sink 132 to dissipate heat.

Referring to FIG. 7, an illustration is provided that shows the area lighted or illuminated directly by or under a luminaire. A pendant lamp, generally 160, is provided that comprises a base 162 that is secured to a ceiling C and a heat sink 164. The driver and necessary circuitry can be secured in base 162. Electrical connectors can extend down through heat sink 164 to connect to a light-emitting device package attached to heat sink 164. Lamp 160 can also comprise a hanger conduit 166 that is secured to base 162 and heat sink 164. For example, hanger conduit 166 can be screwed into the appropriate outlets in base 162 and heat sink 164. The electrical connector can extend through hanger conduit 166 with reduced strain, thereby better protecting the electrical connectors and the light-emitting device.

As shown in FIG. 7, two different lamp shades, 70A and 70B are illustrated to demonstrate the illumination that is provided by the lamp shades 70A, 70B. Light-emitting diode packages can provide better direct light than fluorescent bulbs or incandescent bulbs. Shade 70A can create an illumination area A₁, due to its shape, directly under pendant lamp 160. Shade 70B can create an illumination area A₂, due to its shape, directly under pendant lamp 160. As illustrated, the illumination area A₁ provides a wider amount of illumination on surface S as compared to the illumination area A₂. Thus, different lamp shades can affect the direction and the amount of light that illuminates the surface directly below the pendant lamp. By using a light-emitting diode package as the light-emitting device, the illumination of the area directly below the lamp 160 can be much greater than the amount of illumination provided by an incandescent bulb at the same wattage. For example, an area directly lighted by the light-emitting device through the opening of the shade can be greater than about four times brighter than light from an incandescent bulb using the same wattage. Also, lamp 160 can, for example, provide illumination at least about equally as bright as illumination from a 60 watt incandescent bulb while the light-emitting device uses a power of around (one-sixth) ⅙ that of the incandescent bulb.

To help soften the light provided directly under such a luminaire 160 that use light-emitting diode packages as light-emitting devices, a diffuser 170 that comprises a diffusing lens 172 can be positionable directly in front of the light-emitting device 80 as shown in FIG. 9A. Diffuser 170 can comprise a retaining ring 174 to facilitate attachment to luminaire 160, and in particular, the heat sink. Legs 180 can connect diffuser lens 172 to retaining ring 174. As shown in FIG. 9A, retaining ring 174 of diffuser 170 can have threads 176 and can engage a threaded head 168 of heat sink 162. As shown in FIG. 9B, retaining ring 174 can have a lip 178 for attachment to the heat sink. For example, this lip 178 can be placed between detachable platform 150 and the lamp shade or base of the body of the heat sink.

By using light-emitting devices as shown in and described in reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B with the heat sinks shown and described herein, lighting fixtures and luminaires can be produced that are of higher qualities than those using other lighting systems. The light-emitting devices used in combination with heat sinks as described herein offer the performance, color consistency and lumen density to displace conventional light sources. Such light-emitting devices can do this, while being provided in a small package design. Using such light-emitting devices with these heat sinks can, for example, provide up to at least about 1500 lumens of light at about 250 mA.

The use of such light-emitting devices with these heat sinks can simplify system design and increase color consistency to enable new applications previously achievable only through the use of multiple LED components. Such light-emitting devices in combination with these heat sinks can provide lighting applications where high luminous flux output is required from a single, small area or point source. These combinations can also provide desired lighting capabilities while using a small amount of power. For example, these combinations can provide over about 50 lumens/watt of luminaire efficacy. Thus, by providing a small amount of power, for example, 10 watts total power over about 500 lumens can be the output for a single luminaire depending on the shade used thereon, while providing easy color consistency at the same time. Such light-emitting devices in combination with these heat sinks can also meet ENERGY STAR® SSL Pendant requirements.

As described above, the heat sink disclosed herein can have multiple functions including dissipating the thermal load of the light-emitting device, providing a frame for or directly supporting the pendant shade, and delivering electrical connector support and/or stress relief for the light-emitting device. The heat sink can be machined and/or molded from thermally conductive materials, including metals such as aluminum, to provide a series of large scale circular cooling fins and to have a male-threaded section which can work with a retainer ring, such a plastic flange, to hold a the pendant shade secure. The size of the heat sink can depend on the desired aesthetic qualities, the amount of heat to be dissipated and the support provided.

Any suitable operation parameters can be used. Use of the heat sink disclosed herein in luminaires can, for example, result in the light-emitting device staying below about 100° C. when in extended operation using currents of about 120 mA to about 150 mA. For example, the temperature during operation can remain below about 80° C. when currents of about 120 mA to about 150 mA are used. For instance, the temperature during operation can remain below about 72° C. when currents of about 120 mA to about 150 mA are used. Use of the heat sink can result in minimal modification to an existing luminaire, thus providing the most sophisticated light-emitting devices in luminaire design. Use of the heat sink in the luminaires can, thus, minimize the need for special optics. Use of such a heat sink can also provide a design aesthetic with advantageous heat dissipation. Strain relief, in the form of a compression fitting or equivalent on the top of the heat sink that will help to secure the heat sink and glass to the conductors/suspension cable.

Embodiments of the present disclosure shown in the drawings and described above are exemplary of numerous embodiments that can be made within the scope of the appended claims. It is contemplated that the configurations of lamp assemblies and methods of making the same can comprise numerous configurations other than those specifically disclosed. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A luminaire comprising: a base for attachment to a support; a driver positionable in the base; an electrical connector extending from the base and comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end disposed in the base and connected with the driver; a heat sink comprising a body with a base, the heat sink disposed at the distal end of the electrical connector with the electrical connector extending through the heat sink, wherein the heat sink further comprises a head extending from the body of the heat sink, the head extending into the lamp shade, further comprising a cap configured to engage the head of the heat sink; a light-emitting device attached to the cap, the light-emitting device being connected through the electrical connector to the driver; and a lamp shade securable to the heat sink with the light-emitting device disposed within the lamp shade and at least a portion of the body of the heat sink forming a decorative top extending outward from the lamp shade.
 2. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the head and cap are matchingly threaded.
 3. The luminaire according to claim 1, further comprising a retainer ring that engages the head of the heat sink to secure the lamp shade to the heat sink.
 4. The luminaire according to claim 1, further comprising one or more thermal stackers, the thermal stackers securable to the head of the heat sink between the base of the body of the heat sink and the lamp shade.
 5. A luminaire comprising: a base for attachment to a support; a driver positionable in the base; an electrical connector extending from the base and comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end disposed in the base and connected with the driver; a heat sink comprising a body with a base, the heat sink disposed at the distal end of the electrical connector with the electrical connector extending through the heat sink; a platform comprising a first surface and a second surface from which a guide rod extends, the guide rod of the platform configured for engaging an inner wall of the heat sink at the base; a light-emitting device attached to the first surface of the platform, the light-emitting device being connected through the electrical connector to the driver; and a lamp shade securable to the heat sink with the light-emitting device disposed within the lamp shade and at least a portion of the body of the heat sink forming a decorative top extending outward from the lamp shade.
 6. The luminaire according to claim 5, wherein the inner wall and the guide rod are matchingly threaded.
 7. The luminaire according to claim 5, wherein the guide rod of the platform comprises an inner wall that defines an aperture, the aperture in the guide rod being coaxial with the aperture in the heat sink upon insertion of the guide rod in the aperture in the heat sink such that the electrical connector extends through the aperture in the guide rod.
 8. The luminaire according to claim 7, wherein the platform comprises a side that has an opening therein that extends into the aperture in the guide rod through which the electrical connector extends.
 9. The luminaire according to claim 5, wherein the aperture extends along a central axis of the heat sink.
 10. A heat sink for use in a lighting fixture, the heat sink comprising: a body comprising a base and a central core that extends from the base; a platform for attachment of a light-emitting device thereto, wherein the platform comprises a detachable platform comprising a first surface on which the light-emitting device is securable and a second surface from which a guide rod extends, the guide rod configured for engaging an inner wall at the base; and at least a portion of the body forming a decorative portion for extending outside of a lamp shade of the lighting fixture.
 11. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the inner wall and the guide rod are matchingly threaded.
 12. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the guide rod of the platform comprises an inner wall that defines an aperture, the aperture in the guide rod being coaxial with the aperture in the heat sink upon insertion of the guide rod in the aperture in the heat sink such that the electrical connector is passable through the aperture in the guide rod.
 13. The heat sink according to claim 12, wherein the platform comprises a side that has an opening therein that extends into the aperture in the guide rod through which the electrical connector can extend.
 14. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the aperture extends along a central axis of the heat sink.
 15. The heat sink according to claim 10, wherein the heat sink is configured to receive a diffuser that comprises a diffusing lens for positioning in front of the light-emitting device that is attachable to the heat sink.
 16. A lighting fixture with a light-emitting device, the lighting fixture comprising: a lamp shade; a heat sink connected with the lamp shade, the heat sink comprises a decorative portion extending outside and away from the lamp shade; a platform comprising a first surface and a second surface from which a guide rod extends, the guide rod of the platform configured for engaging an inner wall of the heat sink; a light-emitting device attached to the first surface of the platform, wherein the light-emitting device attached to the platform is engaged to a portion of the heat sink inside the lamp shade; and a hanger conduit extending from the heat sink.
 17. The lighting fixture of claim 16, wherein the heat sink comprises a plurality of fins with at least a portion of the fins forming the decorative portion extending outside and away from the lamp shade.
 18. A luminaire comprising: an electrical path; a heat sink disposed at a distal end of the electrical path wherein the electrical path extends through and within the heat sink; the heat sink comprising a lamp shade mount for mounting a lamp shade to the heat sink; a platform comprising a first surface and a second surface from which a guide rod extends, the guide rod of the platform configured for engaging an inner wall of the heat sink; and a light-emitting device attached to the first surface of the platform, the light-emitting device being electrically connected to the electrical path. 